Nathan Hutama Biology AP

Review/Discuss Phylogeny What did I learn?: Through this activity I learned a lot more about phylogeny and the cladograms. For example, it is important to know the relationship of the lines and how they represent the amount of time that separates each species. This is important to know because it makes reading the cladogram much easier and we get to compare common ancestors and which species are related to each other. Through this activity I learned a lot more about phylogeny vocabulary such as the root, branches, and what each branch separation represents. It was also interesting to see how to tell different sequences apart and this is important because it helps us learn about how related two different species are. I also learned about SNP and Indels which are important to understanding mutations in DNA and how different sequences are made. Overall, I feel a lot better about phylogeny and learning about evolution now that I know the basics of cladograms. Answers to Worksheet

A Chinese Fossil Investigation Hypothesis: I predict that the fossil would go at the junction that branches off into crocodilians and birds. This is because the image contains a vertebrae, but no fur, and we already know that reptiles and birds share a common ancestor. The fossil should be a tetrapod Fossil Cladogram from Lab Manual Information from Gene 1: Information from Gene 2: Information from Gene 3: Information from Gene 4: Analysis and Conclusions: Basically, all four genes are on the same organism. Use the images above to determine where the organism falls on the cladogram at the top of this doc. The organism is related to crocodiles, birds, and insects, but we know it is a tetrapod from gene 3.