Nathan Hutama Biology AP

Investigation 7 Part 2: Effects of Environment on Mitosis Introduction: We are now studying cell division and mitosis. After studying the different phases of a cell – mitosis and interphase, we are doing this lab to practice our identification of cells in mitosis or interphase. We are also testing to see whether a cell affected by the environment in various ways, has a different number of cells undergoing mitosis. To do this, we are treating an onion root tip to see whether it will change the cells. We are also doing this to practice our chi-square calculations which will determine the degrees of freedom (df). This equals the number of treatment groups minus one, multiplied by the number of phase groups minus one. In this experiment since there are only two treatment groups (control and treated) and two phase groups (interphase and mitosis) the degrees of freedom is 1. (2 – 1) x (2 – 1) = 1. I believe that the treated cells will have a higher number of cells undergoing mitosi

Investigation 5: Photosynthesis Lab Introduction: We are now learning about photosynthesis, the process in which all plants receive energy from. By consuming sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide, the plant will be able to produce ATP, NADPH, carbohydrates, oxygen, and water. This is seen in the chemical equation for photosynthesis 2H2O + CO2 + Light -> carbohydrate + O2 + H2O. Ultimately, photosynthesis provides energy for all life on earth by using sunlight to create energy for plants. In this experiment we will be investigating the rate of photosynthesis of leaf disks placed in cups filled with a bicarbonate solution. As photosynthesis occurs and oxygen is produced the leaf disks float towards the surface of the cups. We can test the rate of photosynthesis by timing how long it takes for the disks to reach the top of the cup. We will test the rates of these leaf disks by covering the cups with different colored cellophane paper. We will be using red and green pieces of